竹笛艺术的历史与发展（转）

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<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">作者：<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 18pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">周可奇<o:p></o:p>

&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">笛类吹管乐器有着十分悠久的历史。在原始社会，先民用飞禽的肢骨制成骨笛、骨哨，在狩猎中用于模仿动物的声音，诱捕猎物或发出信号，如浙江河姆渡遗址发现的160<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">余件骨哨，距今已有7000<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">多年的历史。&nbsp;1987<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年5<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月，在河南省舞阳县城北22<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">公里处的贾湖新石器时代遗址墓葬中，出土了一批骨笛。这一批骨笛长约20<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">多厘米，上有数个音孔，呈土黄色，它们形制固定、制作规范、且具备音阶结构，至今仍可吹奏出旋律。经过碳14<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">测定，这批骨笛有7500&mdash;8000<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年的历史。它们都可以看作是竹笛的祖先。 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; &nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;1978<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年出的土战国时期曾候乙墓中有两支&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">篪&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">出土，我们可以从篪看到古代竹笛的形制。它与现代竹笛有三处不同，第一，篪的尾端加有塞子，《乐书》上记载：&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">篪之为器，有底之笛也。&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">。第二，篪的吹孔平面与指孔平面相交约为90<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">度的夹角，&nbsp;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">现在的笛子，吹孔与指孔在同一个平面上。第三，篪没有膜孔。 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; <span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">据史料记载，在唐代，竹笛才加开了膜孔，正是因为笛膜，使竹笛的音色清脆，嘹亮，这也是中国竹笛区别于其它国家笛子的显著特征。竹笛发展到唐代，在形制上已经和现代竹笛基本相似。唐朝作为我国封建社会最为鼎盛的一个朝代，诗歌得到了繁荣，竹笛艺术也在这个朝代得到了充分的发展。&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">立部伎，鼓笛喧。&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">这是唐朝诗人白居易的古体诗《立部伎》的第一句。在唐代宫廷，乐吏以演奏方式和技艺精粗分为两大类：一类是&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">坐部伎&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">，以乐工在堂上演奏而得名；另一类是&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">立部伎&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">，以乐工立于堂下演奏而得名。而不管是&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">立部伎&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">还是&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">坐部伎&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">。他们中都有吹笛的编制。唐玄宗对笛子十分偏爱，他本身就可以算得上是一位笛子演奏家。由于笛子这一乐器在唐代宫廷中占了重要的一席之地，所以也就造就了一批水平高超的乐师，李谟，便是其中之一。&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">平时东幸洛阳城，天乐宫中彻夜明。无奈李谟偷曲谱，酒楼吹笛是新声&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">。这是唐代诗人张祜写的《李谟笛》，中间写了李谟偷曲谱之事，明朝胡震亨在《唐音癸签》中对于此事有另外的说法：&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">李谟本教坊子弟，隶吹笛第一部，明皇尝召之，与永新娘逐曲者。乐谱正所有事，何须窃听？好事者姑为之说，诧天上乐不易流传尔&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">。&nbsp;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">不管怎么样，可以看出李谟的笛艺高超和其影响深远，也可知竹笛是唐代宫廷中一件重要乐器。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 李白在《金陵听韩侍御吹笛》中描写了另一位笛子演奏家&mdash;&mdash;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">韩侍御的精湛笛艺：&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">韩公吹玉笛，倜傥流英音，风吹绕钟山，万壑皆龙吟，王子停凤管，师襄掩瑶琴，余韵渡江去，天涯安可寻？&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">韩侍御不详确指何人，但他的笛声竟使得古代著名笙师，琴手都要停笙掩琴，由此可见这位笛子演奏家笛声之美，笛艺之精了。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 唐诗中对竹笛有精彩的描写：&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">横笛怨江月，扁舟何处寻？&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">（王昌龄《江上闻笛》）&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">黄鹤楼中吹玉笛，江城五月落梅花。&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">（李白《与史郎中钦听黄鹤楼上吹笛》）&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">吹笛秋山风月清，谁家巧作断肠声？&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">（杜甫《吹笛》）&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">长安城中百万家，不知何人吹夜笛！&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">（岑参《秋夜闻笛》）&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">皎洁西楼月未斜，笛声寥亮入东家。&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">（施肩吾《夜笛词》）......<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">不管是在清冷的江水边，还是名楼揽胜处，或是有清月夜晚的城镇，都可闻清丽婉转的笛声。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;宋元以来，伴随着戏剧的发展、竹笛被广泛运用到各个地方剧种中，承担主奏或领奏的角色。竹笛作为我国最早出现的民族乐器之一，它在我国古代音乐史上记载了光辉的一页，但是，竹笛艺术魅力的真正挖掘和展现，还是近50<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年的事情。1949<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年建国至今，竹笛表演艺术共经历了以下的三个时期。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">一、1949---1956<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年，这是我国专业竹笛独奏音乐的初始阶段。在这一阶段，出现了一批以冯子存，陆春龄、赵松庭、刘管乐为代表的竹笛演奏的开拓者，他们使竹笛由一种民间戏曲伴奏乐器变为现代舞台上的专业独奏乐器，由民间走向专业，他们是我国竹笛音乐的引路人。1953<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年，冯子存在&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">第一届全国民间音乐舞蹈观摩大会&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">上，成功地演奏了《喜相逢》、《黄莺亮翅》两支独奏曲，将竹笛独奏的艺术形式搬上了舞台。这几位竹笛界的前辈，长期生活在民间，有深厚的民间音乐功底，由于生活背景、地域的差异，形成了以他们为代表的南（陆、赵）、北（冯、刘）派演奏风格。这两种风格为以后竹笛音乐的进一步发展，奠定了基础。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在演奏技术上，北方以吐、滑、剁、花为主；南方以颤、赠、叠、打为主。当时的演奏，还没有涉及到很复杂的技巧。他们所演奏的曲目，大多是根据民间流传的戏曲曲牌或伴奏移植、改编而成的，具有鲜明的地方风格，浓郁的生活气息，真正创作意义的笛子独奏曲在这一阶段还鲜有出现。从教学上看，演奏家们都没经历过音乐学院的专业训练，他们所经历的都是民间&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">口传心授&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">的教学方法，以模仿为主。他们将丰富的生活阅历都融入到了演奏中，以情带声，富有强烈的艺术感染力。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">二、1956---1979<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年。以赵松庭《早晨》的创作为标志，是我国竹笛音乐的大发展阶段。1956<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年11<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">月，由中央群众艺术馆编的《民间器乐曲选》收录了赵松庭创作的笛子独奏曲《早晨》。可以说，《早晨》的创作，揭开了我国竹笛音乐新创作一页，它开始了我国竹笛音乐由单纯地演奏民间音乐转化为具有现代意义的演奏创作音乐阶段。该曲吸收了北派历、滑、吐、剁和飞指颤音等技法，3/4<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">节拍及主音五声调式转换的运用，使乐曲很有新意。和它以前的民间竹笛独奏音乐相比，不论是在音乐形象、节奏节拍、强弱处理等方面，都有极大的创新。同一时期，还有刘管乐创作的《和平鸽》等曲目，1956<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年后，中国竹笛走向了一个繁荣发展的阶段。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 这一阶段涌现出一大批竹笛演奏家、教育家、作曲家，他们将竹笛音乐的创作、教育、演奏技术逐步提高到一个规范化、系统化的层次。他们运用丰富的创作手法，创作了一批有特色的作品，这些作品积极反映了当时人们的社会生活，其中部分已经成为现在音乐学院竹笛专业学生的必修作品。这些笛子独奏曲的作者多为集演奏、创作、教育为一体的音乐家。与老一辈演奏家不同，他们大多经历了专业的音乐训练，在竹笛专业教学领域，打破门户之见，互相交流学习，并且突破了单纯的口传心授的教学模式。他们根据所学到的知识和掌握的风格，编写了不同的训练教材，并将不同风格流派的乐曲汇集在一起，使学习者能够掌握各种风格的乐曲，他们还编写了不同难度的练习曲，根据学生的程度对他们进行&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">气&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">指&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">舌&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">训练，并且结合节奏、音准、音质的训练，使竹笛建立起了一套较完整的训练体系，对近几十年竹笛演奏技术的发展起了巨大的推动作用。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 在竹笛独奏音乐的创作中，单一的南、北派风格的笛曲已经逐渐被多风格、多地域的笛曲所代替，演奏家们根据各地不同的音乐风格，建立了一套具有不同地域特点的风格体系，并都有其代表作。而且一批以外国民间音乐为素材的音乐音素被广泛地运用到竹笛音乐中，同时也带来了演奏家技法上的丰富多采。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">三、1979---<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">现在。改革开放20<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">余年，竹笛的表演领域，也进入到一个全新的阶段。随着1979<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年的国门开放，&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">新音乐&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">的引入对传统创作手法提出了挑战，作曲家们用新颖的手法创作出表达更为复杂、更深思想内涵的音乐作品。在民族器乐作曲家们的带动下，竹笛独奏音乐的创作、演奏，进入到一个多元化发展的阶段。这一时期，传统的创作、演奏手法仍在延续。这种创作是建立在前人经验上的，和上一阶段相比，笛曲在结构、技巧和思想内涵上要更为复杂多样，这些独奏曲的伴奏逐步用室内乐的形式取代了过去大型民族管弦乐队。另外，也出现在竹笛与交响乐队协奏的大型协奏曲，如《咏春三章》、《钗头凤幻想曲》、《巴楚行》等。 
&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 80<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">年代中期，一批年轻的专业作曲家用现代的技法创作了一批&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">新&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">的独奏曲。这些独奏曲调性模糊、旋律朦胧、音响特别、具有很强的个性色彩。如《竹迹------<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">一支笛子独白》（谭盾曲）、《神曲----<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">为管乐而作》（瞿小松曲）、《苍---<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">笛与交响乐队》（高为杰曲）、《别梦》（杨青曲）等。一些新的技巧也伴随着新音乐的出现而被&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">发明&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">，如双吐循环、卡腔、双音、高位泛音演奏等。新作品的出现，对演奏技巧和表现提出了新的挑战，同时也使竹笛的演奏艺术展现了多样的形式。担任这些&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">新音乐&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">演奏的表演艺术家大多经过系统的、严格的专业训练，在技巧上已经没有负担，在思想内涵的把握上也较为确切。他们勇于开拓创新，为中国民族音乐发展作出了新的尝试。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 中国竹笛表演艺术由民间到专业，由单一到多元，这些成果与老一辈的竹笛演奏家的努力分不开。展望未来，今后竹笛表演艺术的发展，还可以从以下几个方面着手：1<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、建立一整套科学的、具有民族特色的竹笛表演教学体系；编写全国通用的教材。2<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、提高演奏者的音乐素养和理论水平，加强文化修养，克服&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">匠&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">多&ldquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">家&rdquo;<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">少的通病。3<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、加强竹笛史论的研究。4<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、加强竹笛独奏音乐的创作。目前舞台上演奏的曲目，大多是十几年前甚至几十年前的作品，整个竹笛音乐的数量，特别是反映现代生活气息的作品还不多。5<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">、在竹笛改良上，可以在不改变民族特色、演奏特色的情况下进行一定的调整改进，使其音色更加稳定，音准不受外界因素的限制，并且在乐队及演奏中使用方便。 
<span style="line-height: 200%; font-family: 宋体; font-size: 11.5pt; mso-ascii-font-family: Calibri; mso-ascii-theme-font: minor-latin; mso-fareast-font-family: 宋体; mso-fareast-theme-font: minor-fareast; mso-hansi-font-family: Calibri; mso-hansi-theme-font: minor-latin">&nbsp;&nbsp;&nbsp; 竹笛演奏在中国已延续了几千年，在它身上积累了深厚的文化内涵与底蕴，我们依托传统文化，保留其精华，相信这门艺术将发展到一个更高的阶段，这一特色鲜明的乐器将发挥出更大的魅力。<o:p></o:p>

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